{"id":559,"date":"2021-08-26T17:58:51","date_gmt":"2021-08-26T17:58:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cyberchunk.com\/?p=559"},"modified":"2023-08-07T10:20:12","modified_gmt":"2023-08-07T10:20:12","slug":"install-configure-samba-server-linux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pracoda.com\/blog\/install-configure-samba-server-linux\/","title":{"rendered":"Install and Configure Samba Server on Linux for File Sharing"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What is Samba?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Samba is a free and open-source SMB\/CIFS Protocol implementation for Unix and Linux that allows for file and print sharing between Unix\/Linux, Windows, and macOS machines in a local area network.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Samba is usually installed and run on Linux. It comprises several programs that serve different but related purposes, the most important two of which are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>smbd<\/strong>: provides SMB\/CIFS service (file sharing and printing), can also act as a Windows domain controller.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>nmbd<\/strong>: This daemon provides NetBIOS name service, listens for name-server requests. It also allows the Samba server to be found by other computers on the network.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-install-samba-server-on-ubuntu\">Install Samba Server on Ubuntu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo apt install samba samba-common-bin\nsmbd --version\nsystemctl status smbd nmbd\nsudo systemctl start smbd nmbd<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Once started,&nbsp;<code>smbd<\/code>&nbsp;will be listening on TCP port 139 and 445.&nbsp;<code>nmbd<\/code>&nbsp;will be listening on UDP ports 137 and 138.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>TCP 139: used for file and printer sharing and other operations.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>TCP 445: the NetBIOS-less CIFS port.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>UDP 137: used for NetBIOS network browsing.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>UDP 138: used for NetBIOS name service.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>If you have enabled the on Ubuntu, then you need to open the above ports in the firewall with the following command.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo ufw allow samba\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Create a Private Samba Share<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>we will see how to create a private Samba share that requires the client to enter a username and password in order to gain access. The main Samba configuration file is located at:&nbsp;\/etc\/samba\/smb.conf. You can edit it in the terminal with a command-line text editor like&nbsp;<code>nano<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo nano \/etc\/samba\/smb.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>In the&nbsp;<code>[global]<\/code>&nbsp;section, make sure the value is the same as the workgroup settings of Windows computers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>workgroup = WORKGROUP\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\"><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"231\" src=\"https:\/\/cyberchunk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/samba-share-ubuntu.webp\" alt=\"How to Install and Configure Samba Server on Linux for File Sharing\" class=\"wp-image-561\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pracoda.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/samba-share-ubuntu.webp 700w, https:\/\/pracoda.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/samba-share-ubuntu-300x99.webp 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>You can find the setting on your Windows computer by going to&nbsp;<code>Control Panel<\/code>&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;<code>System and Security<\/code>&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;<code>System<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"809\" height=\"505\" src=\"https:\/\/cyberchunk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/samba-ubuntu-server.webp\" alt=\"How to Install and Configure Samba Server on Linux for File Sharing\" class=\"wp-image-562\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pracoda.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/samba-ubuntu-server.webp 809w, https:\/\/pracoda.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/samba-ubuntu-server-300x187.webp 300w, https:\/\/pracoda.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/samba-ubuntu-server-768x479.webp 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 809px) 100vw, 809px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Then scroll down to the bottom of the file. (In a nano text editor, you can achieve that by pressing&nbsp;<code>CTRL+W<\/code>&nbsp;then&nbsp;<code>CTRL+V<\/code>. ) Add a new section like below.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>&#91;Private]\n\ncomment = needs username and password to access\npath = \/srv\/samba\/private\/\nbrowseable = yes\nguest ok = no\nwritable = yes\nvalid users = @samba<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Explanation:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>Private<\/code>&nbsp;is the folder name that will be displayed on the Windows network.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The comment is a description for the shared folder.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The path parameter specifies the path to the shared folder. I use&nbsp;<code>\/srv\/samba\/private\/<\/code>&nbsp;as an example. You can also use a folder in your home directory.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>browseable = yes<\/code>: Allow other computers in the network to see the Samba server and Samba share. If set to no, users have to know the name of the Samba server and then manually enter a path in the file manager to access the shared folder.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>guest ok = no<\/code>: Disable guest access. In other words, you need to enter username and password on the client computer to access the shared folder.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>writable = yes<\/code>: Grants both read and write permission to clients.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>valid users = @samba<\/code>: Only users in the samba group are allowed to access this Samba share.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Save and close the file. (To save the file in a nano text editor, press, then press Enter to confirm the file name to write. To close the file, press&nbsp;<code>Ctrl+X<\/code>.) Now we need to create a Samba user. First, we need to create a standard Linux user account with the following command. Replace with your desired username.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo adduser username<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>You will be prompted to set a Unix password. After that, you also need to set a separate Samba password for the new user with the following command:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo smbpasswd -a username\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Create the samba group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo groupadd samba\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>And add this user to the samba group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo gpasswd -a username samba\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Create the private share folder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo mkdir -p \/srv\/samba\/private\/\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>The samba group needs to have read, write and execute permission on the shared folder. You can grant these permissions by executing the following command. (If your system doesn\u2019t have the&nbsp;<code>setfacl<\/code>&nbsp;command, you need to install the&nbsp;<code>acl<\/code>&nbsp;package with&nbsp;<code>sudo apt install acl<\/code>.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo setfacl -R -m \"g:samba:rwx\" \/srv\/samba\/private\/\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Next, run the following command to check if there are syntactic errors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>testparm<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Now all left to do is to restart&nbsp;<code>smbd<\/code>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<code>nmbd<\/code>&nbsp;daemon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo systemctl restart smbd nmbd\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How to Create a Samba Public Share Without Authentication<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>o create a public share without requiring a username and password, the following conditions must be met.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Set&nbsp;<code>security = user<\/code>&nbsp; in the global section of Samba configuration file. Although you can create a public share with the&nbsp;<code>security = share<\/code>&nbsp;mode, but this security mode is deprecated. It is strongly suggested that you avoid&nbsp;<code>share<\/code>&nbsp;mode.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Set&nbsp;<code>map to guest = bad user<\/code>&nbsp;in the global section of Samba configuration file. This will cause&nbsp;<code>smbd<\/code>&nbsp;to use a guest account to authenticate clients who don\u2019t have registered account on the Samba server. Since it\u2019s a guest account, Samba clients don\u2019t need to enter password.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Set&nbsp;<code>guest ok = yes<\/code>&nbsp;in the share definition to allow guest access.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Grant read, write and execute permission of the public folder to the&nbsp;<code>nobody<\/code>&nbsp;account, which is the default guest account.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>As a matter of fact, the first two conditions are already met as Samba by default uses these two settings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here\u2019s a step-by-step guide to creating a public share. First, open and edit the Samba configuration file.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo nano \/etc\/samba\/smb.conf\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>n the&nbsp;<code>[global]<\/code>&nbsp;section, make sure the value of&nbsp;<code>workgroup<\/code>&nbsp;is the same with the workgroup settings of Windows computers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>workgroup = WORKGROUP\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"231\" src=\"https:\/\/cyberchunk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/samba-share-ubuntu-1.webp\" alt=\"How to Install and Configure Samba Server on Linux for File Sharing\" class=\"wp-image-563\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pracoda.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/samba-share-ubuntu-1.webp 700w, https:\/\/pracoda.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/samba-share-ubuntu-1-300x99.webp 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>You can find the setting on your Windows computer by going to&nbsp;<code>Control Panel<\/code>&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;<code>System and Security<\/code>&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;<code>System<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"809\" height=\"505\" src=\"https:\/\/cyberchunk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/samba-ubuntu-server-1.webp\" alt=\"How to Install and Configure Samba Server on Linux for File Sharing\" class=\"wp-image-564\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pracoda.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/samba-ubuntu-server-1.webp 809w, https:\/\/pracoda.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/samba-ubuntu-server-1-300x187.webp 300w, https:\/\/pracoda.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/samba-ubuntu-server-1-768x479.webp 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 809px) 100vw, 809px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Then scroll down to the bottom of the file and paste the following lines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>&#91;public]\n\ncomment = public share, no need to enter username and password\npath = \/srv\/samba\/public\/\nbrowseable = yes\nwritable = yes\nguest ok = yes<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Save and close the file. Next, create the&nbsp;<code>\/srv\/samba\/public\/<\/code>&nbsp;folder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo mkdir -p \/srv\/samba\/public\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Then make sure the&nbsp;<code>nobody<\/code>&nbsp;account has read, write and execute permission on the public folder by executing the following command. (If your system doesn\u2019t have the&nbsp;<code>setfacl<\/code>&nbsp;command, you need to install the&nbsp;<code>acl<\/code>&nbsp;package with&nbsp;<code>sudo apt install acl<\/code>.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo setfacl -R -m \"u:nobody:rwx\" \/srv\/samba\/public\/<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Restart smbd and nmbd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo systemctl restart smbd nmbd\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Accessing Samba Shared Folder From Windows<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>On a Windows computer that is in the same network, open File Explorer and click&nbsp;<code>Network<\/code>&nbsp;on the left pane.&nbsp; If you see the following message, then you need to click on the message and turn on network discovery and file sharing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>File sharing is turned off. Some network computers and devices might not be visible.\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Next, enter&nbsp;<code>\\\\<\/code>&nbsp;followed by the IP address of Samba server in the address bar of File Explorer, like this:&nbsp;<code>\\\\192.168.0.102<\/code>. You will see a list of shared resources on the Samba server.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"938\" height=\"564\" src=\"https:\/\/cyberchunk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/access-samba-share-from-windows.webp\" alt=\"How to Install and Configure Samba Server on Linux for File Sharing\" class=\"wp-image-565\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pracoda.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/access-samba-share-from-windows.webp 938w, https:\/\/pracoda.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/access-samba-share-from-windows-300x180.webp 300w, https:\/\/pracoda.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/access-samba-share-from-windows-768x462.webp 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 938px) 100vw, 938px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Then double-click the shared folder. To access the private share, you need to enter the samba username and password. You don\u2019t need to do so to access the public share.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"938\" height=\"564\" src=\"https:\/\/cyberchunk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/access-samba-share-from-windows-10.webp\" alt=\"Learn how to set up and configure Samba Server on Linux for seamless file sharing and collaboration within your network.\" class=\"wp-image-566\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pracoda.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/access-samba-share-from-windows-10.webp 938w, https:\/\/pracoda.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/access-samba-share-from-windows-10-300x180.webp 300w, https:\/\/pracoda.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/access-samba-share-from-windows-10-768x462.webp 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 938px) 100vw, 938px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Once connected, you can read, write and delete files in the Samba shared folder.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is Samba? Samba is a free and open-source SMB\/CIFS Protocol implementation for Unix and Linux that allows for file and print sharing between Unix\/Linux, &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":568,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[68],"tags":[80,81],"class_list":["post-559","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-infra-benchmarks","tag-samba","tag-samba-server"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v18.5 (Yoast SEO v25.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>How to Install and Configure Samba Server on Linux<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn how to set up and configure Samba Server on Linux for seamless file sharing and collaboration within your network.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, 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